第10讲 tidyquant & Friends

class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide

.title[
# 量化金融与金融编程
]
.subtitle[
## <br>L10 tidyquant & Friends
]
.author[
### <br>曾永艺
]
.institute[
### 厦门大学管理学院
]
.date[
### <br>2023-12-15
]

---

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<br>

.pull-left.Large.bold[

- 强大且通用的数据处理工具

- 分组运算

- 支持异质数据

- 代码可读性 > 运行性能

]

.pull-right.Large.bold[

- 原生支持时间索引

- 专用且快速的基于时间的<br>数据处理

- 同质数据（矩阵）

- 众多金融分析工具

]

---

<br>

.pull-left.Large.bold[

- 强大且通用的数据处理工具

- 分组运算

- 支持异质数据

- 代码可读性 > 运行性能

]

.pull-right.Large.bold[

- 原生支持时间索引

- 专用且快速的基于时间的<br>数据处理

- 同质数据（矩阵）

- 众多金融分析工具

]

---
class: inverse, center, middle
background-image: url(imgs/logo-tidyquant.png), url(imgs/bg.png)
background-size: 10%, 100%
background-position: 20% 40%, 0% 100%

# 1. `tidyquant` 包 <sup>.font60[v1.0.7]</sup>

.font150[_Tidy Quantitative Financial Analysis_]

---
layout: true

### >> `tidyquant` 包

---

.code100[

```r
library(tidyverse)
*library(tidyquant)     # install.packages("tidyquant")
# tidyquant包会自动载入 lubridate, PerformanceAnalytics -> xts -> zoo, 
#     quantmod -> xts / zoo / TTR 等包
```
]

.pull-left[
.full-width[.content-box-blue.bold.font130[核心函数 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 👉]]
]

.pull-right[
<img src="imgs/tidyquant-01.png" width="100%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]

---
layout: true

### >> `tidyquant`：导入数据

---

.code90[

```r
# ?riingo::riingo_set_token  # 按照 Details 的说明完成设置
                             # 需到 https://www.tiingo.com/ 注册账号获取令牌
set.seed(123456)
(SP500_sample <- 
* tq_index("SP500") %>%  # source: www.ssga.com
  slice_sample(n = 10) %>% pull("symbol") %>% 
* tq_get(
    get  = "tiingo", # ~~ get = "stock.prices"  # yahoo ~~
    from = "2018-12-31",
    to   = "2022-12-31",
    complete_cases = TRUE   # default
  ))   # tq_*() returns data in tibble!
```

```
#> # A tibble: 10,090 × 14
#>   symbol date                 open  high   low close    volume adjusted adjHigh adjLow
#>   <chr>  <dttm>              <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>     <int>    <dbl>   <dbl>  <dbl>
#> 1 GE     2018-12-31 00:00:00  7.52  7.62  7.35  7.57 108361489     44.6    44.9   43.3
#> 2 GE     2019-01-02 00:00:00  7.46  8.18  7.41  8.05 129354094     47.5    48.2   43.7
#> 3 GE     2019-01-03 00:00:00  8.02  8.2   7.78  8.06 122949016     47.5    48.3   45.9
#> # ℹ 10,087 more rows
#> # ℹ 4 more variables: adjOpen <dbl>, adjVolume <int>, divCash <dbl>, splitFactor <dbl>
```
]

---

.code90[

```r
# tq_index() returns the stock symbol, company name, weight and sector
# of every stock in an index. The source is www.ssga.com.
tq_index_options()
```

```
#> [1] "DOW"       "DOWGLOBAL" "SP400"     "SP500"     "SP600"
```

```r
# tq_exchange() returns the stock symbol, company, last sale price, 
# market capitalization, sector and industry of every stock in an exchange. 
# The source is www.nasdaq.com.
tq_exchange_options()
```

```
#> [1] "AMEX"   "NASDAQ" "NYSE"
```

```r
# tq_get() is a consolidated function that gets data from various web sources.
tq_get_options()
```

```
#>  [1] "stock.prices"       "stock.prices.japan" "dividends"          "splits"            
#>  [5] "economic.data"      "quandl"             "quandl.datatable"   "tiingo"            
#>  [9] "tiingo.iex"         "tiingo.crypto"      "alphavantager"      "alphavantage"      
#> [13] "rblpapi"
```
]

---

layout: true

### >> `tidyquant`：数据转化

---

.code90[

```r
(SP500_ret <- SP500_sample %>% 
  group_by(symbol) %>% 
* tq_transmute(
    select     = adjusted,      # the columns passed to the mutate_fun
*   mutate_fun = periodReturn,  # mutation function
    col_rename = "dr",          # a character vector to rename columns
    # ...: parameters passed to the mutate_fun ->
    period     = "daily", 
    type       = "log", 
    leading    = FALSE
  ))
```

```
#> # A tibble: 10,090 × 3
#> # Groups:   symbol [10]
#>   symbol date                      dr
#>   <chr>  <dttm>                 <dbl>
#> 1 GE     2018-12-31 00:00:00 NA      
#> 2 GE     2019-01-02 00:00:00  0.0615 
#> 3 GE     2019-01-03 00:00:00  0.00124
#> # ℹ 10,087 more rows
```
]

---

.code75[

```r
tq_mutate_fun_options()[c("xts", "zoo", "quantmod")]  # 27 + 14 + 25
```

```
#> $xts
#>  [1] "apply.daily"     "apply.monthly"   "apply.quarterly" "apply.weekly"   
#>  [5] "apply.yearly"    "diff.xts"        "lag.xts"         "period.apply"   
#>  [9] "period.max"      "period.min"      "period.prod"     "period.sum"     
#> [13] "periodicity"     "to.daily"        "to.hourly"       "to.minutes"     
#> [17] "to.minutes10"    "to.minutes15"    "to.minutes3"     "to.minutes30"   
#> [21] "to.minutes5"     "to.monthly"      "to.period"       "to.quarterly"   
#> [25] "to.weekly"       "to.yearly"       "to_period"      
#> 
#> $zoo
#>  [1] "rollapply"          "rollapplyr"         "rollmax"            "rollmax.default"   
#>  [5] "rollmaxr"           "rollmean"           "rollmean.default"   "rollmeanr"         
#>  [9] "rollmedian"         "rollmedian.default" "rollmedianr"        "rollsum"           
#> [13] "rollsum.default"    "rollsumr"          
#> 
#> $quantmod
#>  [1] "allReturns"      "annualReturn"    "ClCl"            "dailyReturn"    
#>  [5] "Delt"            "HiCl"            "Lag"             "LoCl"           
#>  [9] "LoHi"            "monthlyReturn"   "Next"            "OpCl"           
#> [13] "OpHi"            "OpLo"            "OpOp"            "periodReturn"   
#> [17] "quarterlyReturn" "seriesAccel"     "seriesDecel"     "seriesDecr"     
#> [21] "seriesHi"        "seriesIncr"      "seriesLo"        "weeklyReturn"   
#> [25] "yearlyReturn"
```
]

---

.code75[

```r
tq_mutate_fun_options()[c("TTR", "PerformanceAnalytics")]  # 64 + 7
```

```
#> $TTR
#>  [1] "adjRatios"          "ADX"                "ALMA"               "aroon"             
#>  [5] "ATR"                "BBands"             "CCI"                "chaikinAD"         
#>  [9] "chaikinVolatility"  "CLV"                "CMF"                "CMO"               
#> [13] "CTI"                "DEMA"               "DonchianChannel"    "DPO"               
#> [17] "DVI"                "EMA"                "EMV"                "EVWMA"             
#> [21] "GMMA"               "growth"             "HMA"                "keltnerChannels"   
#> [25] "KST"                "lags"               "MACD"               "MFI"               
#> [29] "momentum"           "OBV"                "PBands"             "ROC"               
#> [33] "rollSFM"            "RSI"                "runCor"             "runCov"            
#> [37] "runMAD"             "runMax"             "runMean"            "runMedian"         
#> [41] "runMin"             "runPercentRank"     "runSD"              "runSum"            
#> [45] "runVar"             "SAR"                "SMA"                "SMI"               
#> [49] "SNR"                "stoch"              "TDI"                "TR"                
#> [53] "TRIX"               "ultimateOscillator" "VHF"                "volatility"        
#> [57] "VWAP"               "VWMA"               "wilderSum"          "williamsAD"        
#> [61] "WMA"                "WPR"                "ZigZag"             "ZLEMA"             
#> 
#> $PerformanceAnalytics
#> [1] "Return.annualized"        "Return.annualized.excess" "Return.clean"            
#> [4] "Return.cumulative"        "Return.excess"            "Return.Geltner"          
#> [7] "zerofill"
```
]

---
layout: true

### >> `tidyquant`：数据分析

---

.pull-left.code90[

```r
# use mutate() or summarise()
SP500_ret %>% 
  filter(!is.na(dr)) %>% 
  summarise(
    mean_ret = mean(dr),
    sd_ret   = sd(dr),
    n_ret    = n()
  ) %>% print(n = 10)
```

```
#> # A tibble: 10 × 4
#>    symbol    mean_ret sd_ret n_ret
#>    <chr>        <dbl>  <dbl> <int>
#>  1 CMG     0.00116    0.0234  1008
#>  2 COO     0.000260   0.0190  1008
#>  3 EXC     0.000425   0.0190  1008
#>  4 FIS    -0.000354   0.0234  1008
#>  5 FTNT    0.00123    0.0286  1008
#>  6 GE      0.000377   0.0280  1008
#>  7 ODFL    0.00124    0.0217  1008
#>  8 PPG     0.000273   0.0202  1008
#>  9 TEL     0.000485   0.0212  1008
#> 10 WFC     0.00000548 0.0253  1008
```

]

.pull-right.code90[

```r
# use tq_performance()
SP500_ret %>%
* tq_performance(
    Ra = dr,  # Rb = NULL,
*   performance_fun =
*     table.AnnualizedReturns,
    geometric = FALSE  # ...
  )
```

```
#> # A tibble: 10 × 4
#> # Groups:   symbol [10]
#>   symbol AnnualizedReturn
#>   <chr>             <dbl>
#> 1 GE               0.095 
#> 2 PPG              0.0688
#> 3 WFC              0.0014
#> 4 COO              0.0656
#> # ℹ 6 more rows
#> # ℹ 2 more variables:
#> #   `AnnualizedSharpe(Rf=0%)` <dbl>,
#> #   AnnualizedStdDev <dbl>
```
]

---

.code75[

```r
tq_performance_fun_options()[1:4]  # 19 + 13 + 7 + 9
```

```
#> $table.funs
#>  [1] "table.AnnualizedReturns" "table.Arbitrary"         "table.Autocorrelation"  
#>  [4] "table.CAPM"              "table.CaptureRatios"     "table.Correlation"      
#>  [7] "table.Distributions"     "table.DownsideRisk"      "table.DownsideRiskRatio"
#> [10] "table.DrawdownsRatio"    "table.HigherMoments"     "table.InformationRatio" 
#> [13] "table.RollingPeriods"    "table.SFM"               "table.SpecificRisk"     
#> [16] "table.Stats"             "table.TrailingPeriods"   "table.UpDownRatios"     
#> [19] "table.Variability"      
#> 
#> $CAPM.funs
#>  [1] "CAPM.alpha"       "CAPM.beta"        "CAPM.beta.bear"   "CAPM.beta.bull"  
#>  [5] "CAPM.CML"         "CAPM.CML.slope"   "CAPM.dynamic"     "CAPM.epsilon"    
#>  [9] "CAPM.jensenAlpha" "CAPM.RiskPremium" "CAPM.SML.slope"   "TimingRatio"     
#> [13] "MarketTiming"    
#> 
#> $SFM.funs
#> [1] "SFM.alpha"       "SFM.beta"        "SFM.CML"         "SFM.CML.slope"  
#> [5] "SFM.dynamic"     "SFM.epsilon"     "SFM.jensenAlpha"
#> 
#> $descriptive.funs
#> [1] "mean"           "sd"             "min"            "max"            "cor"           
#> [6] "mean.geometric" "mean.stderr"    "mean.LCL"       "mean.UCL"
```
]

---

.code80[

```r
tq_performance_fun_options()[5:9]  # 4 + 5 + 14 + 6 + 6
```

```
#> $annualized.funs
#> [1] "Return.annualized"        "Return.annualized.excess" "sd.annualized"           
#> [4] "SharpeRatio.annualized"  
#> 
#> $VaR.funs
#> [1] "VaR"  "ES"   "ETL"  "CDD"  "CVaR"
#> 
#> $moment.funs
#>  [1] "var"              "cov"              "skewness"         "kurtosis"        
#>  [5] "CoVariance"       "CoSkewness"       "CoSkewnessMatrix" "CoKurtosis"      
#>  [9] "CoKurtosisMatrix" "M3.MM"            "M4.MM"            "BetaCoVariance"  
#> [13] "BetaCoSkewness"   "BetaCoKurtosis"  
#> 
#> $drawdown.funs
#> [1] "AverageDrawdown"   "AverageLength"     "AverageRecovery"   "DrawdownDeviation"
#> [5] "DrawdownPeak"      "maxDrawdown"      
#> 
#> $Bacon.risk.funs
#> [1] "MeanAbsoluteDeviation" "Frequency"             "SharpeRatio"          
#> [4] "MSquared"              "MSquaredExcess"        "HurstIndex"
```
]

---

.code75[

```r
tq_performance_fun_options()[10:14]  # 12 + 4 + 7 + 20 + 3
```

```
#> $Bacon.regression.funs
#>  [1] "CAPM.alpha"       "CAPM.beta"        "CAPM.epsilon"     "CAPM.jensenAlpha"
#>  [5] "SystematicRisk"   "SpecificRisk"     "TotalRisk"        "TreynorRatio"    
#>  [9] "AppraisalRatio"   "FamaBeta"         "Selectivity"      "NetSelectivity"  
#> 
#> $Bacon.relative.risk.funs
#> [1] "ActivePremium"    "ActiveReturn"     "TrackingError"    "InformationRatio"
#> 
#> $Bacon.drawdown.funs
#> [1] "PainIndex"     "PainRatio"     "CalmarRatio"   "SterlingRatio" "BurkeRatio"   
#> [6] "MartinRatio"   "UlcerIndex"   
#> 
#> $Bacon.downside.risk.funs
#>  [1] "DownsideDeviation"     "DownsidePotential"     "DownsideFrequency"    
#>  [4] "SemiDeviation"         "SemiVariance"          "UpsideRisk"           
#>  [7] "UpsidePotentialRatio"  "UpsideFrequency"       "BernardoLedoitRatio"  
#> [10] "DRatio"                "Omega"                 "OmegaSharpeRatio"     
#> [13] "OmegaExcessReturn"     "SortinoRatio"          "M2Sortino"            
#> [16] "Kappa"                 "VolatilitySkewness"    "AdjustedSharpeRatio"  
#> [19] "SkewnessKurtosisRatio" "ProspectRatio"        
#> 
#> $misc.funs
#> [1] "KellyRatio"   "Modigliani"   "UpDownRatios"
```
]

---
layout: false

### >> `tidyquant`：vignettes & .red[[{{business science blog}}](http://www.business-science.io/blog/index.html)]

```r
browseVignettes(package = 'tidyquant')

# tidyquant::TQ00-introduction-to-tidyquant
#   Introduction to tidyquant

# tidyquant::TQ01-core-functions-in-tidyquant
#   Core Functions in tidyquant

# tidyquant::TQ02-quant-integrations-in-tidyquant
#   R Quantitative Analysis Package Integrations in tidyquant

# tidyquant::TQ03-scaling-and-modeling-with-tidyquant
#   Scaling Your Analysis with tidyquant

# tidyquant::TQ04-charting-with-tidyquant
#   Charting with tidyquant

# tidyquant::TQ05-performance-analysis-with-tidyquant
#   Performance Analysis with tidyquant

*# tidyquant::TQ06-excel-in-r
*#   Excel in R - tidyquant 1.0.0
```

---

### >> `tidyquant`：[{{r for excel user}}](https://www.business-science.io/finance/2020/02/26/r-for-excel-users.html)

.pull-left[

```r
FANG %>% 
  pivot_table(
    .row     = symbol, 
    .columns = ~ year(date),
    .values  = ~ PCT_CHANGE_FIRSTLAST(
                   adjusted)
  )
```

```
#> # A tibble: 4 × 5
#>   symbol `2013`  `2014` `2015` `2016`
#>   <chr>   <dbl>   <dbl>  <dbl>  <dbl>
#> 1 AMZN    0.550 -0.220   1.19  0.177 
#> 2 FB      0.952  0.426   0.334 0.126 
#> 3 GOOG    0.550 -0.0532  0.446 0.0404
#> 4 NFLX    3.00  -0.0585  1.29  0.126
```

<br>

.bold.font110[_emmmm_，`tidyquant::pivot_table()` 接口真香！🌹 😍]

]

.pull-right[

.bold.font110[当然，你也可以选择“呆在净土界”（stay in `tidyverse`），通过各式函数的管道组合来实现同样的结果！😎 👍]

```r
FANG %>% 
  group_by(symbol, yr = year(date)) %>% 
  summarise(ret = last(adjusted) / 
                  first(adjusted) - 1,
            .groups = "drop") %>% 
  pivot_wider(id_cols     = symbol, 
              names_from  = yr, 
              values_from = ret)
```

---
layout: false
class: inverse, center, middle
background-image: url(imgs/logo-tsibble.png), url(imgs/bg.png)
background-size: 10%, 100%
background-position: 22% 32%, 0% 100%

# 2. `tsibble` 包 <sup>.font60[v1.1.3]</sup>

.font150[_Tidy Temporal Data Frames and Tools_]

.font120[<br>_Data Infrastructure for_ [{{`tidyverts`}}](https://github.com/tidyverts)]

---

### >> `tsibble` 包

.code90[

```r
library(tsibble)   # install.packages("tsibble")
```
]

.full-width[.content-box-blue.bold.font120[在 `tbl_ts` 数据结构中]]

1. **`key`** is a set of variables that define observational units over time.

2. **`index`** is a variable with inherent ordering from past to present.

3. Each observation should be uniquely identified by **`key`** and **`index`**.

4. Each observational unit should be measured at a common interval, if regularly spaced.

---

### >> `tsibble`：`as_tsibble()` 强制转化为`tbl_ts`

.code90[

```r
# 将数据集FANG转化为tbl_ts
data(FANG)  # 在tidyquant包中
class(FANG) # FANG is a tibble
```

```
#> [1] "tbl_df"     "tbl"        "data.frame"
```
]

.code90[

```r
*FANG <- as_tsibble(FANG, key = symbol, index = date)
# (x, key = NULL, index, regular = TRUE, validate = TRUE, .drop = TRUE, ...)
class(FANG) # now FANG is a tsibble
```

```
#> [1] "tbl_ts"     "tbl_df"     "tbl"        "data.frame"
```
]

.code90[

```r
FANG
```

```
*#> # A tsibble: 4,032 x 8 [1D]
*#> # Key:       symbol [4]
#>   symbol date        open  high   low close  volume adjusted
#>   <chr>  <date>     <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>   <dbl>    <dbl>
#> 1 AMZN   2013-01-02  256.  258.  253.  257. 3271000     257.
#> 2 AMZN   2013-01-03  257.  261.  256.  258. 2750900     258.
#> 3 AMZN   2013-01-04  258.  260.  257.  259. 1874200     259.
#> # ℹ 4,029 more rows
```
]

---

### >> `tsibble`：`filter_index()` 选取时间子集

.code90[

```r
(FANG_2016 <- FANG %>% filter_index("2016"))
```

```
#> # A tsibble: 1,008 x 8 [1D]
#> # Key:       symbol [4]
#>   symbol date        open  high   low close  volume adjusted
#>   <chr>  <date>     <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>   <dbl>    <dbl>
#> 1 AMZN   2016-01-04  656.  658.  628.  637. 9314500     637.
#> 2 AMZN   2016-01-05  647.  647.  628.  634. 5822600     634.
#> 3 AMZN   2016-01-06  622   640.  620.  633. 5329200     633.
#> # ℹ 1,005 more rows
```

```r
FANG_2016 %>% filter_index(~ "2016-01-05", "2016-12-29" ~ .)
```

```
#> # A tsibble: 16 x 8 [1D]
#> # Key:       symbol [4]
#>   symbol date        open  high   low close  volume adjusted
#>   <chr>  <date>     <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>   <dbl>    <dbl>
#> 1 AMZN   2016-01-04  656.  658.  628.  637. 9314500     637.
#> 2 AMZN   2016-01-05  647.  647.  628.  634. 5822600     634.
#> 3 AMZN   2016-12-29  772.  773.  761.  765. 3153500     765.
#> # ℹ 13 more rows
```
]

---

### >> `tsibble`：`index_by()` + `summarise()` 修改时间粒度

.pull-left.code80[

```r
FANG_2016 %>% index_by()
```

```
#> # A tsibble: 1,008 x 8 [1D]
#> # Key:       symbol [4]
*#> # Groups:    @ date [252]
#>   symbol date        open  high   low
#>   <chr>  <date>     <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 AMZN   2016-01-04  656.  658.  628.
#> 2 AMZN   2016-01-05  647.  647.  628.
#> 3 AMZN   2016-01-06  622   640.  620.
#> # ℹ 1,005 more rows
#> # ℹ 3 more variables: close <dbl>,
#> #   volume <dbl>, adjusted <dbl>
```

```r
FANG_2016 %>% 
* group_by_key() %>%
  index_by()
```

```
#> # A tsibble: 1,008 x 8 [1D]
#> # Key:       symbol [4]
*#> # Groups:    symbol @ date [1,008]
#>   symbol date        open  high   low
#>   <chr>  <date>     <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 AMZN   2016-01-04  656.  658.  628.
#> 2 AMZN   2016-01-05  647.  647.  628.
#> 3 AMZN   2016-01-06  622   640.  620.
#> # ℹ 1,005 more rows
#> # ℹ 3 more variables: close <dbl>,
#> #   volume <dbl>, adjusted <dbl>
```
]

.pull-right.code90[

```r
FANG_2016 %>% 
  group_by_key() %>%
  index_by(
    bimonth = 
*     ~ floor_date(., "2 months")
  ) %>% 
  summarise(
    HIGH = max(high),
    LOW = min(low)
  )
```

```
#> # A tsibble: 24 x 4 [1D]
#> # Key:       symbol [4]
#>   symbol bimonth     HIGH   LOW
#>   <chr>  <date>     <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 AMZN   2016-01-01  658. 474  
#> 2 AMZN   2016-03-01  670. 539. 
#> 3 AMZN   2016-05-01  732. 656  
#> 4 AMZN   2016-07-01  775. 717. 
#> 5 AMZN   2016-09-01  847. 756  
#> 6 AMZN   2016-11-01  801. 710. 
#> 7 FB     2016-01-01  118.  89.4
#> # ℹ 17 more rows
```
]

---

### >> `tsibble`：`*_gaps()` 检查、处理时间缺口

.code100[

```r
FANG_2016 %>% count_gaps()
```

```
#> # A tibble: 208 × 4
#>    symbol .from      .to           .n
#>    <chr>  <date>     <date>     <int>
#>  1 AMZN   2016-01-09 2016-01-10     2
#>  2 AMZN   2016-01-16 2016-01-18     3
#>  3 AMZN   2016-01-23 2016-01-24     2
#>  4 AMZN   2016-01-30 2016-01-31     2
#>  5 AMZN   2016-02-06 2016-02-07     2
#>  6 AMZN   2016-02-13 2016-02-15     3
#>  7 AMZN   2016-02-20 2016-02-21     2
#>  8 AMZN   2016-02-27 2016-02-28     2
#>  9 AMZN   2016-03-05 2016-03-06     2
#> 10 AMZN   2016-03-12 2016-03-13     2
#> # ℹ 198 more rows
```

```r
# has_gaps() | scan_gaps() | fill_gaps()
```
]

---
layout: false
class: inverse, center, middle

# 3. `slider` 包 <sup>.font60[v0.3.1]</sup>

.font150[_Sliding Window Functions_]

---
layout: true

### >> `slider` 包

---

.full-width[.content-box-blue.bold.font120[`purrr`-like Type-stable .red[Window Functions] Over Any R Data Type]]

---

.full-width[.content-box-blue.bold.font120[.red[`purrr`-like Type Stable] Window Functions Over Any R Data Type]]

.font110[
<table class="table" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
 <thead>
  <tr>
   <th style="text-align:left;"> Function </th>
   <th style="text-align:left;"> list </th>
   <th style="text-align:left;"> *_lgl </th>
   <th style="text-align:left;"> *_int </th>
   <th style="text-align:left;"> *_dbl </th>
   <th style="text-align:left;"> *_chr </th>
   <th style="text-align:left;"> *_dfc </th>
   <th style="text-align:left;"> *_dfr </th>
   <th style="text-align:left;"> *_vec </th>
  </tr>
 </thead>
<tbody>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;"> slide() </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;">  </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;"> slide_index() </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;">  </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;"> slide_period() </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;">  </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;"> slide2() </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;"> slide_index2() </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;"> slide_period2() </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;"> pslide() </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;"> pslide_index() </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;"> pslide_period() </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;">  </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;text-align: center;"> [p]hop*()    </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;text-align: center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;text-align: center;"> - </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;text-align: center;"> - </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;text-align: center;"> - </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;text-align: center;"> - </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;text-align: center;"> - </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;text-align: center;"> - </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;min-width: 3em; font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;color: red !important;text-align: center;">  </td>
  </tr>
</tbody>
</table>
]

---
layout: true

### >> `slide(.x, .f, ..., .before = 0L, .after = 0L, .step = 1L, .complete = FALSE)`

---

.code90[

```r
*library(slider)
FANG_2016 %>% 
  group_by_key() %>%  # 等同于group_by(symbol)
  mutate(
*   ma5  = slide_dbl(adjusted, mean, .before = 4, .complete = TRUE),
*   ma20 = slide_dbl(adjusted, ~ mean(.x), .before = 19, .complete = TRUE)
  )
```

```
#> # A tsibble: 1,008 x 10 [1D]
#> # Key:       symbol [4]
#> # Groups:    symbol [4]
#>    symbol date        open  high   low close  volume adjusted   ma5  ma20
#>    <chr>  <date>     <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>   <dbl>    <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#>  1 AMZN   2016-01-04  656.  658.  628.  637. 9314500     637.   NA     NA
#>  2 AMZN   2016-01-05  647.  647.  628.  634. 5822600     634.   NA     NA
#>  3 AMZN   2016-01-06  622   640.  620.  633. 5329200     633.   NA     NA
#>  4 AMZN   2016-01-07  622.  630   605.  608. 7074900     608.   NA     NA
#>  5 AMZN   2016-01-08  620.  624.  606   607. 5512900     607.  624.    NA
#>  6 AMZN   2016-01-11  612.  620.  599.  618. 4891600     618.  620.    NA
#>  7 AMZN   2016-01-12  625.  626.  612.  618. 4724100     618.  617.    NA
#>  8 AMZN   2016-01-13  621.  621.  579.  582. 7655200     582.  606.    NA
#>  9 AMZN   2016-01-14  580.  602.  570.  593  7238000     593   603.    NA
#> 10 AMZN   2016-01-15  572.  585.  565.  570. 7754500     570.  596.    NA
#> # ℹ 998 more rows
```
]

---

.code90[

```r
FANG_2016 %>% group_by_key() %>% 
* mutate(ma20 = slide_dbl(adjusted, mean, .before = 19, .complete = TRUE)) %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = date)) +
    geom_line(aes(y = adjusted)) +
    geom_line(aes(y = ma20), color = "red", linewidth = 1) +
    labs(x = "", y = "Adjusted Closing Price") + 
    facet_wrap(vars(symbol), ncol = 2, scales = "free_y") + theme_tq()
```

<img src="L10_tidyquant_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-33-1.png" width="60%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]

---
layout: false

### >> `slide_index(.x, ` .bold.red[`.i,`] ` .f, ..., .before = 0L, .after = 0L, ` ~~`.step = 1L, `~~ `.complete = FALSE)` 🆚 `slide()`

.code90[

```r
FANG_2016 %>% group_by_key() %>% 
  mutate(
    ma5  = slide_dbl(adjusted, mean, .before = 4, .complete = TRUE),
    ma5d = slide_index_dbl(adjusted, date, mean, .before = 4,
                           .complete = TRUE)   # .before = days(4)
  )
```

```
#> # A tsibble: 1,008 x 10 [1D]
#> # Key:       symbol [4]
#> # Groups:    symbol [4]
#>    symbol date        open  high   low close  volume adjusted   ma5  ma5d
#>    <chr>  <date>     <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>   <dbl>    <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#>  1 AMZN   2016-01-04  656.  658.  628.  637. 9314500     637.   NA    NA 
#>  2 AMZN   2016-01-05  647.  647.  628.  634. 5822600     634.   NA    NA 
#>  3 AMZN   2016-01-06  622   640.  620.  633. 5329200     633.   NA    NA 
#>  4 AMZN   2016-01-07  622.  630   605.  608. 7074900     608.   NA    NA 
#>  5 AMZN   2016-01-08  620.  624.  606   607. 5512900     607.  624.  624.
*#>  6 AMZN   2016-01-11  612.  620.  599.  618. 4891600     618.  620.  611.
*#>  7 AMZN   2016-01-12  625.  626.  612.  618. 4724100     618.  617.  614.
*#>  8 AMZN   2016-01-13  621.  621.  579.  582. 7655200     582.  606.  606.
*#>  9 AMZN   2016-01-14  580.  602.  570.  593  7238000     593   603.  603.
#> 10 AMZN   2016-01-15  572.  585.  565.  570. 7754500     570.  596.  596.
#> # ℹ 998 more rows
```
]

---

### >> `slide_period(.x, .i, ` .red[`.period, `] `.f, ..., .every = 1L, .origin=NULL, .before=0L, .after=0L, .complete=FALSE)`

.pull-left.code90[

```r
i <- c(as.Date("2019-08-30") + 0:2, 
       as.Date("2019-11-30") + 0:2)
i
```

```
#> [1] "2019-08-30" "2019-08-31" "2019-09-01" "2019-11-30" "2019-12-01" "2019-12-02"
```

```r
slide_period(i, i, "month", ~ .x, 
             .before = 1)
```

```
#> [[1]]
#> [1] "2019-08-30" "2019-08-31"
#> 
#> [[2]]
#> [1] "2019-08-30" "2019-08-31" "2019-09-01"
#> 
#> [[3]]
#> [1] "2019-11-30"
#> 
#> [[4]]
#> [1] "2019-11-30" "2019-12-01" "2019-12-02"
```
]

.pull-right.code90[

```r
sales <- 1:6
sales_df <- tibble(i = i, s = sales)

*bm_summary <- function(data) {
* summarise(data, idx = max(i),
*           sales = sum(s))
*} 
slide_period_dfr(
  .x = sales_df, .i = sales_df$i,
  .period = "month", .before = 1,
* .f = bm_summary
)
```

```
#> # A tibble: 4 × 2
#>   idx        sales
#>   <date>     <int>
#> 1 2019-08-31     3
#> 2 2019-09-01     6
#> 3 2019-11-30     4
#> 4 2019-12-02    15
```
]

---

### >> `hop(.x, ` .red[`.starts, .stops, `] `.f, ...)`

.pull-left.code90[

```r
jan_1st_2016 <- floor_date(
  min(FANG_2016$date), "1 month"
)
jan_1st_2017 <- ceiling_date(
  max(FANG_2016$date), "1 month"
)
dates <- seq(jan_1st_2016, 
             jan_1st_2017, 
             "1 month")
(results <- tibble(
  starts = dates[1:10],
  stops = dates[4:13] - 1
))
```

```
#> # A tibble: 10 × 2
#>   starts     stops     
#>   <date>     <date>    
#> 1 2016-01-01 2016-03-31
#> 2 2016-02-01 2016-04-30
#> 3 2016-03-01 2016-05-31
#> # ℹ 7 more rows
```
]

.pull-right.code90[

```r
AMZN <- FANG_2016 %>% 
  filter(symbol == "AMZN")
results %>%
  mutate(
*   total_volume = hop_index_vec(
      .x = AMZN$volume, 
      .i = AMZN$date,
      .starts = starts,
      .stops = stops,
      .f = sum,
      .ptype = double()
    )
  )
```

```
#> # A tibble: 10 × 3
#>   starts     stops      total_volume
#>   <date>     <date>            <dbl>
#> 1 2016-01-01 2016-03-31    348325200
#> 2 2016-02-01 2016-04-30    296594000
#> 3 2016-03-01 2016-05-31    263042800
#> # ℹ 7 more rows
```
]

---
layout: false
class: inverse, center, middle

# 4. 案例：上证50成分股

.font150[_Case: SSE 50_]

---
layout: true

### >> 4.1 导入数据

---

.code90[

```r
# # 从_中证指数有限公司_官网得到“上证50”成分股列表并下载至本地
# SSE50_path <- paste0(
#   "https://csi-web-dev.oss-cn-shanghai-finance-1-pub.aliyuncs.com/",
#   "static/html/csindex/public/uploads/file/autofile/cons/000016cons.xls")
# download.file(SSE50_path, "data/SSE50cons.xls", mode = "wb")
# 
# # 用readxl包的read_excel()读入
(SSE50_cons <- readxl::read_excel(
    "data/SSE50cons.xls",  # 这是我2022年11月下载的成分股列表
    range = "E2:F51", 
    col_names = c("stk_cd", "stk_nm")
  ) %>% 
  mutate(stk_cd = str_c(stk_cd, ".SH")))
```

```
#> # A tibble: 50 × 2
#>   stk_cd    stk_nm  
#>   <chr>     <chr>   
#> 1 600010.SH 包钢股份
#> 2 600690.SH 海尔智家
#> 3 600837.SH 海通证券
#> # ℹ 47 more rows
```
]

---

.code80[

```r
# 利用WindR包提供的接口从Wind批量下载日行情数据，若同学没有Wind账号，可跳过此步
# 安装WindR包：Wind|开始|插件修复|修复R插件 ...
*if(!file.exists("data/SSE50_close.rds")) {
  library(WindR)
  w.start(showmenu = FALSE)
  
  bgn <- "20190630"; end <- "20230630"
  SSE50_close <- SSE50_cons %>% 
*   mutate(price = map(stk_cd, w.wsd, "close", bgn, end, 'Priceadj=F'))
  write_rds(SSE50_close, "data/SSE50_close.rds")
  
  w.stop()
}
```
]

.code80[

```r
#> [1] "Welcome to use WIND Quant API for R (WindR)!"
#> [1] "You can use w.menu to help yourself to create commands(WSD,WSS,WST,WSI,WSQ,...)!"
#> [1] ""
#> [1] "COPYRIGHT (C) 2013-2020 WIND INFORMATION CO., LTD. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED."
#> [1] "IN NO CIRCUMSTANCE SHALL WIND BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY DAMAGES OR LOSSES CAUSED BY USING WIND QUANT API FOR R."
#> $ErrorCode
#> [1] 0
#> 
#> $ErrorMsg
#> [1] "OK!"
```
]

---

.code90[

```r
(SSE50_close <- read_rds("data/SSE50_close.rds"))
```

```
#> # A tibble: 50 × 3
#>   stk_cd    stk_nm   price           
#>   <chr>     <chr>    <list>          
#> 1 600010.SH 包钢股份 <named list [3]>
#> 2 600690.SH 海尔智家 <named list [3]>
#> 3 600837.SH 海通证券 <named list [3]>
#> # ℹ 47 more rows
```

```r
# 将w.wsd()返回的列表解嵌套
(SSE50 <- SSE50_close %>% 
  unnest_wider(col = price) %>%  # -> ErrorCode, Data, Code
  filter(ErrorCode == 0) %>% 
  unnest(cols = Data) %>% 
  select(stk_cd, stk_nm, date = DATETIME, close = CLOSE))
```

```
#> # A tibble: 48,600 × 4
#>   stk_cd    stk_nm   date       close
#>   <chr>     <chr>    <date>     <dbl>
#> 1 600010.SH 包钢股份 2019-07-01  1.69
#> 2 600010.SH 包钢股份 2019-07-02  1.67
#> 3 600010.SH 包钢股份 2019-07-03  1.65
#> # ℹ 48,597 more rows
```
]

---
layout: true

### >> 4.2 数据转换

---

.code100[

```r
# 根据日收盘价变量close计算日收益率
SSE50_ret <- SSE50 %>% 
  group_by(stk_cd, stk_nm) %>% 
  arrange(date, .by_group = TRUE) %>%  # 在此非必须，谨慎起见可加上
  tq_transmute(
    select     = close, 
    mutate_fun = periodReturn, 
    period     = "daily", 
    col_rename = "Ra"
  )
SSE50_ret
```

```
#> # A tibble: 47,279 × 4
#> # Groups:   stk_cd, stk_nm [50]
#>   stk_cd    stk_nm   date            Ra
#>   <chr>     <chr>    <date>       <dbl>
#> 1 600010.SH 包钢股份 2019-07-01  0     
#> 2 600010.SH 包钢股份 2019-07-02 -0.0117
#> 3 600010.SH 包钢股份 2019-07-03 -0.0118
#> # ℹ 47,276 more rows
```
]

---
layout: true

### >> 4.3 数据分析

---

.code100[

```r
# 构建并计算等权重组合（作为基准组合）的收益率
n_stocks <- SSE50_ret %>% pull(stk_cd) %>% unique() %>% length()
wts <- rep(1 / n_stocks, times = n_stocks)
baseline_ret <- SSE50_ret %>%
* tq_portfolio(  # -> PerformanceAnalytics::Returns.portfolio()
    assets_col   = stk_cd, 
    returns_col  = Ra, 
    weights      = wts,  # 默认等权重，可不设定
    col_rename   = "Rb",
    rebalance_on = "months"  # ...
  )
baseline_ret
```

```
#> # A tibble: 972 × 2
#>   date              Rb
#>   <date>         <dbl>
#> 1 2019-07-01  0       
#> 2 2019-07-02  0.000629
#> 3 2019-07-03 -0.0103  
#> # ℹ 969 more rows
```
]

---

.code90[

```r
# 合并收益率数据
SSE50_baseline <- left_join(SSE50_ret, baseline_ret, by = "date")
# 基于CAPM的绩效评价结果
SSE50_capm <- SSE50_baseline %>% 
  tq_performance(
    Ra = Ra, 
*   Rb = Rb,
    performance_fun = table.CAPM
  ) %>% 
  arrange(desc(AnnualizedAlpha))
SSE50_capm
```

```
#> # A tibble: 50 × 14
#> # Groups:   stk_cd, stk_nm [50]
#>   stk_cd    stk_nm  ActivePremium  Alpha AnnualizedAlpha  Beta `Beta-` `Beta+` Correlation
#>   <chr>     <chr>           <dbl>  <dbl>           <dbl> <dbl>   <dbl>   <dbl>       <dbl>
#> 1 600905.SH 三峡能…         0.245 0.0011           0.323 0.666   0.932   0.192       0.293
#> 2 600809.SH 山西汾…         0.255 0.001            0.291 1.16    1.33    0.890       0.492
#> 3 601919.SH 中远海…         0.217 0.0009           0.267 1.23    1.40    1.03        0.476
#> # ℹ 47 more rows
#> # ℹ 5 more variables: `Correlationp-value` <dbl>, InformationRatio <dbl>,
#> #   `R-squared` <dbl>, TrackingError <dbl>, TreynorRatio <dbl>
```
]

---

.code90[

```r
# 年化Alpha最大的股票
tgt_stk <- SSE50_capm$stk_cd[[1]]
# 计算动态相关系数
tgt_cor <- SSE50_baseline %>% 
  filter(stk_cd %in% tgt_stk) %>% 
  as_tsibble(index = date) %>%  # 有助于保证排序正确，且无重复样本
  mutate(
    cor = slide2_dbl(
      Ra, Rb, 
      ~ cor(.x, .y, use = "pairwise.complete.obs"),
      .before = 40,
      .complete = TRUE
    )
  )
tgt_cor %>% tail()
```

```
#> # A tsibble: 6 x 6 [1D]
#> # Groups:    stk_cd, stk_nm [1]
#>   stk_cd    stk_nm   date            Ra       Rb   cor
#>   <chr>     <chr>    <date>       <dbl>    <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 600905.SH 三峡能源 2023-06-21 0       -0.0145  0.416
#> 2 600905.SH 三峡能源 2023-06-26 0.00758 -0.0129  0.356
#> 3 600905.SH 三峡能源 2023-06-27 0        0.00650 0.358
#> # ℹ 3 more rows
```
]

---

.code90[

```r
# 用 dygraphs 包作交互图（其它如 plotly、echarts4r, highcharter、rbokeh 等）
library(dygraphs)
tgt_cor %>%  
  as_tibble() %>%  # 转成tibble
* timetk::tk_xts(select = cor, date_var = date) %>%  # 转成dygraphs支持更好的xts
  dygraph(main = glue::glue("Correlation between {tgt_stk} and Baseline")) %>%
  dyAxis("y", label = "Correlation") %>%
  dyRangeSelector(height = 25)
```

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]

---
layout: false
class: inverse, center, middle

# 课后作业

---
class: middle

.bold.font120[

1\. 根据本讲课程讲义的打印稿，在 📑 _qmd_中键入并完成代码的运行

2\. 浏览（阅读）`tidyquant` 包配套的七份 📰 vignettes

3\. 进一步了解 📦 .red.bold[[{{`slider` 包}}](https://slider.r-lib.org/)]，想想如何通过参数设定实现以下的移动窗口

.pull-left[
<img src="imgs/windows_animate.gif" width="88%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]

.pull-right.code60[
```r
# 模拟数据
set.seed(123456)
tbl <- tibble(
  Count = runif(16, min=100, max=320) %>% 
    as.integer(), 
  Year = 1997:2012
)

# sliding
tbl %>% 
  mutate(mean = slide_dbl(<...>))
# tiling
tbl %>% 
  mutate(mean = slide_dbl(<...>))
# stretching
tbl %>% 
  ...
```
]

]

---
layout: false
class: center, middle, hide_logo
background-image: url(imgs/xaringan.png)
background-size: 12%
background-position: 50% 40%

<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
<hr color='#f00' size='2px' width='80%'>
<br>
.Large.red[_**本网页版讲义的制作由 R 包 [{{`xaringan`}}](https://github.com/yihui/xaringan) 赋能！**_]